Advantages of using uniaxial geogrids in reinforced soil retaining walls

Advantages of using uniaxial geogrids in reinforced soil retaining walls, can be listed as follows:

• Fast construction in all weather conditions
• No mortar, dry built
• Optimal utilization of land
• Free design support (almost all the companies supply)
• Aesthetics: impressive & stylish designs
• Versatility & flexibility
• Cost efficiency
• Durability, resistance to environmental influences
• Accredited by independent testing laboratories
• Minimal maintenance

How does erosion control mat function?

Geosynthetic erosion control mats help nature to establish a natural, vegetation cover, as it :

• acts as an artificial root-system
• holds soil particles and seeds
• reduces water and wind velocities
• creates a micro-climate and favours germination of seeds and growth
• reinforces the vegetation cover in the root-zone

Principle installation of PVD

Principle installation of Prefabricated Vertical drains

• Specialized rig
• Mandrill supported inside a leader held by crane or hydraulic excavator
• Mandrill pushed into soil by chains/cables driven by hydraulic engines.
• PVD installed inside a mandrill
• Rhombic mandrill less disturbance (Often rectangular mandrill)

Layers of a landfill

From bottom to top layers:

• Waste
• Leveling layer : Levels the top of the waste dump. Forms a foundation layer for the capping construction.
• Gas conducting layer : Ensures controlled removal of the gas rising to the surface of the dump.
• Impermeable seal : Stops the escape of gas and prevents the influx of (rain) water.
• Drainage layer : Removes excess (rain) water.
• Vegetation layer : Permits formation of an environmentally acceptable surface structure and protects the liner.

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-Capping system for waste areas

-Waste disposal area

Reasons for drainage

Reduce and eliminate hydraulic pressure against structures:

• increase stability of geotechnical structure in case of a retaining wall
• reduce the weight on the structure in case of flat roofs
• increase stability of cover layer in case of capping of a landfill
• accelerate consolidation of soils in case of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD’s)
  

Prevent leakage through a subsoil wall

• cellar walls
• underground structures

Roof Gardens and Green roofs

Two systems - Two purposes

Roof gardens:

• To be used as a garden
• with rich vegetation on a thick layer of soil
• requires maintenance
  

Green Roofs:

• environment-friendly roof with a thin vegetal cover
• not to be used as garden
• low maintenance vegetation (mosses,
  sedums, herbs) on a thin layer of
  lightweight substrate